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1 Godina 45 * 2017 * BROJ 6 ISSN *UDK 632 Biljni lekar / Plant Doctor, XLV, 6/2017 OVAJ BROJ JE POSVEĆEN ZAŠTITI PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA SPECIAL ISSUE ON PEPPER & TOMATO PROTECTION

2 Časopis Društva za zaštitu bilja Srbije Broj 6,2017. Godina 45 Časopis "Biljni lekar" izlazio je od do godine u Beogradu (između1978. i g. postojao je "Glasnik zaštite bilja"-zagreb, kao glasilo Saveza društava za zaštitu bilja bivše SFR Jugoslavije). Izlaženje časopisa "Biljni lekar" obnovljeno je godine. Razmenom publikacija, časopis "Biljni lekar" šalje se u sledeće zemlje: Austrija, Belorusija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Bugarska, Crna Gora, Češka, Grčka, Hrvatska, Italija, Mađarska, Makedonija, Nemačka, Poljska, Rumunija, Rusija, Slovačka, Slovenija, Turska i Ukrajina. "Plant Doctor" ("Biljni lekar") is a journal of The Plant Protection Society of Serbia, published by the Department for Environmental and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad. The journal was continually published from 1956 to 1977, when it was discontinued and a new journal for the former Yugoslavia was introduced. In 1955 the journal "Plant Doctor" was re-established and has been published bimonthly ever since. Based upon exchange of publications, the journal "Plant Doctor" is distributed in: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia&Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Monte Negro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey and Ukraine. Glavni i odgovorni urednik/chief Editor: dr Slavica Vuković (vukovic@polj.uns.ac.rs) Zamenik glavnog urednika/deputy Editor: dr Goran Aleksić Urednici oblasti/consulting Editors Bolesti i suzbijanje / Diseases and Control: dr Mila Grahovac Štetočine i suzbijanje / Pests and Control: dr Aleksandra Ignjatović-Ćupina Korovi i suzbijanje / Weeds and Control: dr Bojan Konstantinović Sredstva za zaštitu bilja / Plant Protection Products: dr Slavica Vuković Mašine u zaštiti bilja / Plant Protection Machinery: dr Aleksandar Sedlar Prognoze u zaštiti bilja /Forecasts in plant protection: dipl. inž. Milena Budić Sekretar/Secretary: Sonja Vučinić Redakcioni odbor/editorial Board Dr Goran Aleksić, dipl. inž. Milena Budić, dr Dušan Čamprag (počasni član), dr Milan Drekić, dr Mila Grahovac,dr SnježanaHrnčić, dr Aleksandra Ignjatović-Ćupina, dr Radivoje Jevtić, dr Petar Kljajić, dr Bojan Konstantinović, dr Sanja Lazić, dr Aleksa Obradović, mast. inž. Srđana Petrović, dr Olivera Petrović-Obradović, dr Aleksandar Sedlar, dr Mira Starović, dr Milan Stević, dr Vera Stojšin, dr Snežana Tanasković, dr Vojislav Trkulja, mast. inž. Filip Vranješ, dr Sava Vrbničanin i dr Slavica Vuković. Izdavač/Publisher Poljoprivredni fakultet/faculty of Agriculture Departman za fitomedicinu i zaštitu životne sredine/department of Environmental and Plant Protection, Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8. Časopis "Biljni lekar" kao dvomesečnik, izlazi šest puta godišnje. Cena godišnje pretplate iznosi dinara + PDV (10%), ovog broja PDV. Pretplata za inostranstvo je 80. Dinarska uplata se doznačuje na žiro račun , uz poziv na broj , sa naznakom za "Biljni lekar", a za deviznu uplatu obratiti se sekretaru Redakcije. Za sve informacije obratiti se g-đi Sonji Vučinić, sekretaru Redakcionog odbora, na tel. 021/ ili na tel/fax , biljnilekar@polj.uns.ac.rs ili sonjav@polj.uns.ac.rs Kompjuterski slog i štampa/formatting and Printing "PeriNS" Novi Sad, Gogoljeva 27 Tel perins@neobee.net Tiraž: BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

3 POZIV NA SARADNJU U ČASOPISU BILJNI LEKAR Uredništvo časopisa BILJNI LEKAR poziva na saradnju sve stručnjake zaštite bilja i biljne proizvodnje uopšte, koji rade u raznim ustanovama, preduzećima i kompanijama (poljoprivrednim i šumskim gazdinstvima, zemljoradničkim zadrugama, zavodima za poljoprivredu i poljoprivrednim stanicama, preduzećima za proizvodnju i promet pesticida, poljoprivrednim apotekama, obrazovnim i naučnim ustanovama, te upravnim službama). Dragocena iskustva kolega koji rade u neposrednoj biljnoj proizvodnji, kao i poljoprivrednoj i šumarskoj službi, dobrodošla su na stranicama časopisa Biljni lekar. Članke, obima četiri do osam strana, kao i manje priloge od jedne do dve strane iz oblasti zaštite bilja, treba pripremiti po UPUTSTVU ZA PRIPREMU RUKOPISA, koje se nalazi na poslednjim stranicama časopisa. U zavisnosti od raspoloživih sredstava, objavljeni članci i prilozi se honorišu. Redakcija se zahvaljuje na interesovanju i spremnosti za saradnju. UREDNIŠTVO ČASOPISA OBAVEŠTENJE Preuzimanje članaka ili pojedinih delova iz časopisa Biljni lekar, nije dozvoljeno bez saglasnosti i odobrenja Uredništva časopisa. Redakcija časopisa Naslovna strana: Slika: Naslovna strana: Originalne fotografije (Ignjatov M. rad na str. 587 sre- dina; Božić D. rad na str. 547 gore levo; Trkulja V. rad na str. 689 desno gore; Petrović-Obradović O. rad na str. 715 Levo dole; Stanković I. rad na str. 628 desno dole) Cover page: Original photos (Ignjatov M. paper, page 587, Middle; Božić D. paper, page 547, Top left; Trkulja V. paper, page 689, Top right; Petrović-Obradović O. paper, page 715, Lower left ; Stanković I. paper, page 628, Lower right) Časopis Biljni lekar se citira u izdanjima CAB International Abstracts The journal Plant Doctor is cited in CAB International Database Abstracts 544 BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

4 SADRŽAJ INTEGRALNA ZAŠTITA PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA OD KOROVA (Dragana Božić, Sava Vrbničanin, Đorđe Moravčević) BAKTERIOZNI RAK I UVELOST PARADAJZA Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Svetlana Milijašević-Marčić, Biljana Todorović, Ivana Potočnik) PROUZROKOVAČI BAKTERIOZNE UVELOSTI PARADAJZA I ŽUTE UVELOSTI (STOLBUR) PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA (Katarina Gašić, Milan Šević, Aleksa Obradović) RASPROSTRANJENOST I ZNAČAJ PROUZROKOVAČA BAKTERIOZNE PEGAVOSTI LISTA I KRASTAVOSTI PLODOVA PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA (Maja Ignjatov, Katarina Gašić, Milan Šević, Aleksa Obradović) ZAŠTITA PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA OD PROUZROKOVAČA BAKTERIOZNE PEGAVOSTI LISTA I KRASTAVOSTI PLODOVA (Milan Šević, Katarina Gašić, Maja Ignjatov, Aleksa Obradović) EKONOMSKI ZNAČAJNE VIROZE PAPRIKE U SRBIJI (Branka Krstić, Ivana Stanković, Dragana Milošević, Ana Vučurović, Katarina Zečević) VIRUSI PARADAJZA SA POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA EMERGING VIRUSE (Ivana Stanković, Dušan Nikolić, Ana Vučurović, Katarina Zečević, Branka Krstić) PRISUSTVO I RASPROSTRANJENOST VIRUSA PAPRIKE U SRBIJI (Dragana Milošević, Ivana Stanković, Maja Ignjatov, Zorica Nikolić, Branka Krstić) KARANTINSKI PATOGENI PARADAJZA I PAPRIKE (Vojislav Trkulja, Igor Milunović) PATOGENI KORIJENA I PRIZEMNOG DIJELA STABLA PARADAJZA I PAPRIKE I MOGUĆNOSTI NJIHOVOG SUZBIJANJA (Vojislav Trkulja) EFEKAT ETARSKIH ULJA NA PROUZROKOVAČE TRULEŽI PLODA PARADAJZA IN VIVO (Matea Karnizs, Mila Grahovac, Vera Stojšin, Ferenc Bagi, Đorđe Malenčić, Dragana Budakov) BILJNE VAŠI (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ŠTETOČINE PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA (Olivera Petrović-Obradović, Ivana Jovičić, Anđa Radonjić) ŠTETNE ARTROPODE PARADAJZA I PAPRIKE (Tanja Drobnjaković, Marijana Prijović i Pantelija Perić) HEMIJSKI SASTAV EKSTRAKATA PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA GAJENIH U ZAPADNOJ SRBIJI (Jelena Mladenović, Radoš Pavlović, Jasmina Zdravković, Nenad Pavlović) UPUTSTVO ZA PRIPREMU RUKOPISA BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

5 CONTENT INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN PEPPER AND TOMATO (Dragana Božić, Sava Vrbničanin, Đorđe Moravčević) BACTERIAL WILT AND CANKER OF TOMATO Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Ivana Jovičić, Anđa Radonjić, Olivera Petrović-Obradović) BACTERIAL WILT OF TOMATO AND STOLBUR OF TOMATO AND PEPPER (Katarina Gašić, Milan Šević, Aleksa Obradović) DISTRIBUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CAUSAL AGENTS OF BACTERIAL SPOT OF PEPPER AND TOMATO (Maja Ignjatov, Katarina Gašić, Milan Šević, Aleksa Obradović) CONTROL OF PEPPER AND TOMATO BACTERIAL SPOT (Milan Šević, Katarina Gašić, Maja Ignjatov, Aleksa Obradović) ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT VIRUS DISEASE OF PEPPER IN SERBIA (Branka Krstić, Ivana Stanković, Dragana Milošević, Ana Vučurović, Katarina Zečević) VIRUSES OF TOMATO WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON EMERGING VIRUSES (Ivana Stanković, Dušan Nikolić, Ana Vučurović, Katarina Zečević, Branka Krstić) PRESENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PEPPER VIRUSES IN SERBIA (Dragana Milošević, Ivana Stanković, Maja Ignjatov, Zorica Nikolić, Branka Krstić) QUARANTINE PATHOGENS OF TOMATO AND PEPPER (Vojislav Trkulja, Igor Milunović) PATHOGENS OF ROOT AND CROWN OF TOMATO AND PEPPER AND POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR CONTROL (Vojislav Trkulja) EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON CAUSERS OF TOMATO FRUIT ROT IN VIVO (Matea Karnizs, Mila Grahovac, Vera Stojšin, Ferenc Bagi, Đorđe Malenčić, Dragana Budakov) APHIDS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) PESTS OF PEPPER AND TOMATO (Olivera Petrović-Obradović, Ivana Jovičić, Anđa Radonjić) HARMFULL ARTHROPODS OF TOMATO AND PEPPER (Tanja Drobnjaković, Marijana Prijović and Pantelija Perić) CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EXTRACTS OF PEPPER AND TOMATOES IN WESTERN SERBIA (Jelena Mladenović, Radoš Pavlović, Jasmina Zdravković, Nenad Pavlović) INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

6 INTEGRALNA ZAŠTITA PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA OD KOROVA Dragana Božic, Sava Vrbničanin, Đorde Moravčević Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd-Zemun sava@agrif.bg.ac.rs Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Izvod Integralna zaštita paprike i paradajza od korova, kao i u slučaju drugih useva, podrazumeva primenu svih raspoloživih mera, što podrazumeva gajenje useva u plodoredu, kvalitetnu i blagovremenu osnovnu i dopunsku obradu zemljišta, kvalitetnu setvu (u slučaju direktne setve) ili sadnju kvalitetnog rasada (u slučaju proizvodnje iz rasada), negu useva, pravilno đubrenje, upotrebu dobro zgorelog stajnjaka, pravovremenu primenu visoko efikasnih herbicida, primenu prirodnih ili sintetičkih malčeva i drugih raspoloživih mera. Izbor mera zavisi od načina gajenja ovih useva (proizvodnja na otvorenom, u zaštićenom prostoru ili organska proizvodnja), kao i od toga da li se usevi zasnivaju direktnom setvom ili iz rasada. Za adekvatan odabir mera za suzbijanje korova neophodno je dobro poznavanje zakorovljenosti parcele na kojoj se gaje ovi usevi, a kao najproblematičnije za suzbijanje izdvajaju se vrste iz familije Solanacae, od kojih je kod nas najzastupljenija pomoćnica obična (Solanum nigrum). Izbor herbicida za suzbijanje korova u paprici i paradajzu je ograničen na nekoliko aktivnih supstanci, čiji preparati su registrovani samo za suzbijanje korova u ovim usevima kada se gaje iz rasada. Iako nema registrovanih herbicida za useve iz direktne setve u praksi se primenjuju pojedini herbicidi za koje je utvrđeno da su selektivni prema ovim usevima. Ipak, glavna mera koja se kod nas primenjuje za suzbijanje korova jeste gajenje ovih useva na folijama koje osim što ne dozvoljavaju nicanje korova ispoljavaju i druge pozitivne efekte. Problem korova u zaštićenom prostoru nije toliko izražen kao na otvorenom polju, tako da se mere suzbijanja u tom slučaju uglavnom svode na preventivne (upotreba sterilnih supstrata za proizvodnju rasada, unošenje,,čistog" sadnog materijala bez korova u plastenik, suzbijanje korova u širem okruženju plastenika, održavanje higijene oruđa, mašina, odeće i obuće radnika i sl.). U organskoj proizvodnji se preporučuju sve mere koje se primenjuju kao deo integralnog sistema suzbijanja korova u ovim usevima, izuzev primene herbicida. Ključne reči: paprika, paradajz, korovi, integralno suzbijanje korova BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

7 Abstract INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN PEPPER AND TOMATO Dragana Božic, Sava Vrbničanin, Đorde Moravčević Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd-Zemun sava@agrif.bg.ac.rs Integrated weed control in pepper and tomato, like in case of other crops, implies the application of all available measures, which include crop rotation, quality basic and additional soil cultivation on time, quality sowing (in the case of direct seed sowing) or planting (in the case of production by seedling transplantation), crop nursing, proper fertilization, use of weed free manure, the application of highly efficient herbicides on time, use of natural or synthetic mulches and other available measures. The choice of measures depends on way of crop cultivation (field production, production in controlled environment or organic production), as well as, whether crops sowing directly from seeds or by seedling transplantation. For adequate selection of weed control measures, it is necessary to have data about wideness of the field on which these crops cultivate. The most difficult to control are the species from the Solanaceae family, of which the most abundant in our conditions is black nightshade (Solanum nigrum). The selection of herbicides for the control of weeds in pepper and tomato is limited to several active ingredients, whose commercial products are only registered for the control of weeds in crops established by seedlings transplantation. Although there are no registered herbicides for crops from direct seed sowing, in practice, some herbicides for which have been found not to damage plant crops, have been applied. However, the main measure we apply to weed control is the cultivation of these crops on foils which, apart from suppressing weeds, also show other positive effects. The problem of weeds in production in controlled environment is not as pronounced as in the open field, so that the control measures in this case are mainly reduced to preventive (use of sterile substrates for the production of seedlings, use weed free seedlings of crop, weed control around greenhouse, maintenance of hygiene of tools, clothing and footwear of workers, etc.). In organic production, all measures that are applied as part of an integral system of weed control in these crops are recommended, except the use of herbicides. Key words: pepper, tomato, weeds, integrated weed management BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

8 BAKTERIOZNI RAK I UVELOST PARADAJZA - Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Svetlana Milijašević-Marčić, Biljana Todorović, Ivana Potočnik Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Zemun svetlana.milijasevic@pesting.org.rs Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Izvod Bakteriozni rak i uvelost paradajza (Solanum lycopersicum) koji prouzrokuje Gram-pozitivna fitopatogena bakterija Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis je jedna od najštetnijih bakterioza paradajza u svetu. Ova bakterija može značajno da smanji prinos i kvalitet useva pričinjavajući znatne ekonomske štete kako u zaštićenom prostoru tako i u polju. Patogen se prenosi semenom, te se ono smatra glavnim izvorom inokuluma i odgovornim za iznenadne pojave ove bolesti u epidemijskim razmerama. Takođe, bakterija se moze održati u biljnim ostacima nekoliko godina, kao i na plasteničkim/stakleničkim konstrukcijama. Sekundarne infekcije se javljaju u toku obavljanja redovnih agrotehničkih mera (zalivanje, tretiranje pesticidima, zakidanje zaperaka i sl.). Mere suzbijanja u cilju sprečavanja pojave bakterioznog raka i uvelosti paradajza uključuju, pre svega, upotrebu sertifikovanog semena, zdravog rasada paradajza, dezinfekciju plastenika i staklenika, zaoravanje biljnih ostataka i najmanje dvogodišnji plodored sa biljkama koje nisu iz familije Solanaceae. Hemijske mere zaštite paradajza od ovog patogena uglavnom se svode na višekratnu primenu bakarnih jedinjenja. Osim toga, u suzbijanju C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis se koriste i antibiotici (streptomicin i kasugamicin) u zemljama u kojima je njihova primena dozvoljena. Međutim, upotreba baktericida sintetičkog porekla ne samo što ne daje zadovoljavajuće rezultate, već prouzrokuje i ozbiljne probleme u životnoj sredini. Takođe, stvaranje sorata i hibrida paradajza otpornih na C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis još uvek nije dalo zadovoljavajuće rezultate. Izvori otpornosti otkriveni su u nekoliko divljih srodnika paradajza, ali i pored brojnih delimično otpornih na tržištu nema dostupnih visoko otpornih sorata paradajza. Zbog svega navedenog, higijenske i fitosanitarne mere ostaju najbolji način za izbegavanje infekcije useva ovom bakterijom. Pored toga, najvažnije je korišćenje zdravog semena i rasada paradajza pogotovo zato što je u pitanju karantinski organizam. Ključne reči: paradajz, bakteriozna uvelost, epidemiologija, suzbijanje BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

9 Abstract BACTERIAL WILT AND CANKER OF TOMATO - Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Svetlana Milijašević-Marčić, Biljana Todorović, Ivana Potočnik Institute of pesticides and environmental protection, Zemun svetlana.milijasevic@pesting.org.rs Bacterial wilt and canker of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) caused by a Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is one of the most destructive bacterial diseseas of this crop worldwide. The bacterium is able to significantly decrease the crop yield and quality causing substantial economic losses both in greenhouse and field tomato crops. The pathogen is seedborne and thus the seed is considered to be the main source of inoculum and responsible for sudden outbreaks of the disease in epidemic proportions. Furthermore, bacterium can survive in plant debris for several years, as well as on greenhouse constructions. Secondary infections occur during conducting regular cultural practices (irrigation, chemical spraying, clipping, etc.). Control measures in order to prevent occurence of tomato bacterial wilt and canker include, firstly, use of pathogen-free certified seeds, healthy transplants, desinfection of greenhouse facilities, plant debris removal and at least two-year crop rotation with nonsolanaceous plants. Chemical control of the pathogen mainly includes multiple application of copper compounds. Moreover, antibiotics (streptomycin and kasugamycin) are being also used to control C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in some countries where their use is alowed. However, application of sintetic bactericides is not only unsatisfactory, but also causes serious problems in the environment. In addition, selection for tomato cultivars and hybrids resistant to C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is still not satisfactory. Sources of resistance have been found only in several wild species of tomato, although there are still no commercially available highly resistant tomato cultivars. Therefore, hygienic and phytosanitary measures remain the best way to avoid crop infection with this bacterium. Besides, pathogen-free seeds and healthy transplants are of great importance, especially considering the quarantine status of theorganism. Key words: Tomato, bacterial wilt, epidemiology, control BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

10 PROUZROKOVAČI BAKTERIOZNE UVELOSTI PARADAJZA I ŽUTE UVELOSTI (STOLBUR) PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA Katarina Gašić 1, Milan Šević 2, Aleksa Obradović 3 1 Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd 2 Hladnjače Brestovik, Grocka 3 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd gasickatarina@yahoo.com Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Izvod Oboljenja bakteriozne prirode veoma su česta u usevima paradajza i paprike, posebno kada vremenski uslovi pogoduju nastanku i širenju infekcije. Među ekonomski najznačajnijim bakterijama koje ugrožavaju proizvodnju paradajza u svetu, izdvaja se prouzrokovač bakteriozne uvelosti paradajza Ralstonia solanacearum. Patogen se dugo održava u zemljištu i vodi. Naseljava ksilem biljaka onemogućavajući protok vode, usled čega dolazi do pojave uvelosti. Osim ovog patogena, simptome uvelosti paradajza i paprike može takođe prouzrokovati Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (Stolbur fitoplazma). Ovo oboljenje prenosi se cikadama, dok su glavni izvori infekcije korovske biljke. Cilj ovog rada je da se prikaže rasprostranjenost i ekonomski značaj navedenih oboljenja paradajza i paprike, kao i osnovne karakteristike njihovih prouzrokovača. Poznavanje simptomatologije i epidemiologije oboljenja je od posebnog značaja za pravilnu dijagnozu oboljenja i identifikaciju patogena, što doprinosi pravovremenoj i uspešnoj zaštiti. Ključne reči: paradajz, paprika, Ralstonia solanacearum, Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, simptomi, epidemiologija, zaštita BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

11 Abstract BACTERIAL WILT OF TOMATO AND STOLBUR OF TOMATO AND PEPPER Katarina Gašić 1, Milan Šević 2, Aleksa Obradović 3 1 Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade 2 "Cold storage", Brestovik, Grocka 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade gasickatarina@yahoo.com Bacterial diseases are very common in tomato and pepper crops, especially under favourable weather conditions. One of the economically most important pathogens that affect tomato production worldwide is Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of bacterial wilt of tomato. The pathogen survives in soil and water. It colonizes xylem, clogs the vascular tissue preventing water movement throughout the stem, causing colapse of the infected plants. In addition, wilting of tomato and pepper can be caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (Stolbur Phytoplasma). Main sources of infection with this pathogen are wild plants from where it is further transmitted by feeding of leafhopper vectors. The aim of this paper is to point to distribution and economic importance of those diseases, as well as characteristics of the pathogens. Information about symptoms and epidemiology of the disease are important for an accurate disease diagnosis and pathogen identification, which contributes to the timely and successful protectionstrategy. Key words: tomato, pepper, Ralstonia solanacearum, Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, symptoms, epidemiology, control BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

12 RASPROSTRANJENOST I ZNAČAJ PROUZROKOVAČA BAKTERIOZNE PEGAVOSTI LISTA I KRASTAVOSTI PLODOVA PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA Maja Ignjatov 1, Katarina Gašić 2, Milan Šević 3, Aleksa Obradović 4 1 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad 2 Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd 3 Hladnjače Brestovik, Grocka 4 Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd e- mail: maja.ignjatov@nsseme.com Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Izvod Prema najnovijoj sistematici kao prouzrokovači bakteriozne pegavosti paprike i paradajza navode se četiri vrste roda Xanthomonas: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans i X. gardneri. Prema rasprostranjenosti i štetama koje nanosi, prouzrokovač bakteriozne pegavosti lišća i krastavosti plodova X. euvesicatoria spada u najznačajnije bakterije parazite paprike u svetu, dok se u agroekološkim uslovima Srbije, usled gajenja osetljivog sortimenta i povoljnih uslova za razvoj bolesti, pojavljuje svake godine u većem ili manjem intenzitetu. Kao prouzrokovač ovog oboljenja na paradajzu navodi se X. vesicatoria. Bakterije se prenose semenom i u povoljnim uslovima za razvoj bolesti, mogu prouzrokovati plamenjaču, potpunu defolijaciju i izumiranje biljaka. U zaštiti od bakteriozne pegavosti paprike i paradajza potrebno je preduzeti niz mera koje podrazumevaju korišćenje konvencionalnih, ali i bioloških preparata. Utvrđeno je postojanje prirodnih antagonista (bakteriofaga) izolovanih iz zemljišta koji se mogu koristiti u biološkoj borbi. U nedostatku efikasnih mera, rešenje treba tražiti u integralnom pristupu, odnosno sintezi saznanja o biologiji i epidemiologiji patogena, tehnologiji biljne proizvodnje, kao i baktericidnom efektu pojedinih prirodnih agenasa. Ključne reči: paprika, paradajz, X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

13 Abstract DISTRIBUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CAUSAL AGENTS OF BACTERIAL SPOT OF PEPPER AND TOMATO Maja Ignjatov 1, Katarina Gašić 2, Milan Šević 3, Aleksa Obradović 4 1 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad 2 Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade 3 "Cold storages" Brestovik, Grocka 4 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade maja.ignjatov@nsseme.com Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato regularly causes losses in production in Serbia. According to the new systematization, four Xanthomonas species have been reported as causal agents of leaf spots of pepper and tomato: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri. Due to wide distribution and great damage at the global level, X. euvesicatoria is considered one of the most significant parasitic bacteria of pepper. Causal agent of the bacterial spot on tomato in Serbia is X. vesicatoria. Occurrence of of both species is observed every year under Serbian agroecological conditions, mainly due to the cultivation of susceptible assortment and conditions which are suitable for disease development. The disease is seed transmitted and it can cause defoliation and crop degradation if conditions suitable for its development occur. Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato cannot be combatted easily and application of several cultivation practices including conventional or microbial preparations - biopesticides is therefore required. The existence of natural antagonists (bacteriophage) isolated from soil has been confirmed, which could be used for biological control of pepper bacterial spot. In the absence of effective preventive measures, the solution should be sought within an integrated approach - the synthesis of knowledge about the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, crop production technology, as well as bactericidal effect of some natural agents. Key words: pepper, tomato, X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

14 ZAŠTITA PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA OD PROUZROKOVAČA BAKTERIOZNE PEGAVOSTI LISTA I KRASTAVOSTI PLODOVA Milan Ševic 1, Katarina Gašić 2, Maja Ignjatov 3, Aleksa Obradović 4 1 Hladnjače Brestovik, Grocka 2 Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd 3 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad 4 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd sevicmilan@yahoo.com Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Izvod Bakteriozna pegavost lista i krastavost plodova prouzrokovana Xanthomonas vrstama, je jedna od najrasprostranjenijih i ekonomski najznačajnijih bolesti paprike i paradajza u svetu. Usled nedostatka otpornih genotipova paprike i paradajza, pojave novih rasa bakterije, sojeva rezistentnih prema jedinjenjima bakra, sumnjivog kvaliteta semena i ograničenih mera kontrole, ova bakterioza predstavlja ograničavajući faktor proizvodnje paprike u Srbiji. Kada vremenski uslovi pogoduju razvoju bolesti na biljkama paradajza, ova bakterioza može prouzrokovati velike gubitke usled smanjenja ukupnog prinosa i kvaliteta plodova koji nisu pogodni za industrijsku preradu. U zaštiti paprike i paradajza kod nas dominiraju hemijske mere borbe, odnosno korišćenje preparata na bazi jedinjenja bakra u kombinaciji sa etilenbis-ditiokarbamatima koji ne obezbeđuju zadovoljavajući efekat zaštite. Antibiotici se ne mogu primenjivati usled zakonskih ograničenja u Evropskoj uniji. Integracijom pozitivnog efekta hemijskih metoda (bakarni preparati, aktivatori sistemične otpornosti) i različitih bioloških metoda (antagonostički sojevi bakterija, bakteriofagi) može se postići zadovoljavajući efekat zaštite. Priroda bioloških agenasa, kao i specifičan mehanizam dejstva aktivatora sistemične otpornosti, zahtevaju pažljivu optimizaciju vremena i broja tretmana kako bi se postigla maksimalna efikasnost. Ključne reči: Xanthomonas spp., jedinjenja bakra, antibiotici, aktivatori sistemične otpornosti biljaka, antagonistički sojevi bakterija, bakeriofagi BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

15 Abstract CONTROL OF PEPPER AND TOMATO BACTERIAL SPOT Milan Šević 1, Katarina Gašić 2, Maja Ignjatov 3, Aleksa Obradović 4 1 Cold storages Brestovik, Grocka 2 Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade 3 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad 4 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade sevicmilan@yahoo.com Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato caused by Xanthomonas species, is one of the widespread and economically most important diseases of pepper and tomato. Due to the lack of resistant pepper and tomato genotypes, the emergence of new races of bacteria, and strains resistant to copper compounds, questionable seed quality and limited control practices, these bacteria are limiting pepper production in Serbia. On tomato plants, under favourable weather conditions for disease development, these bacteria can cause major damage reflected in overall yield as well as in fruit quality. The protection of pepper and tomato, based on chemical methods such as use of copper-based compounds in combination with ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamates, do not provide a satisfactory disease control. Use of antibiotics in plant protection is not permitted in the EU as well as in Serbia. However, results of many authors show that satisfactory control of bacterial spot can be achieved by integrating positive effect of chemical treatments (copper compounds, systemic resistance activators) and various biological methods (antagonists, bacteriophages). However, nature of biological agents, as well as the specific mechanism of action of the systemic resistance activators, require careful optimization of the time and number of treatments in order to achieve maximumefficiency. Key words: Xanthomonas spp. copper compounds, antibiotics, systemic acquired resistance, antagonists, bacteriophages BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

16 EKONOMSKI ZNAČAJNE VIROZE PAPRIKE U SRBIJI Branka Krstić 1, Ivana Stanković 1, Dragana Milošević 2, Ana Vučurović 1, Katarina Zečević 1 1 Univerzitet u Beogradu-Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd 2 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad homemadeent@gmail.com Izvod Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Brojnost virusa koji zaražavaju papriku, kao i učestalost njihove pojave, značajno se povećala poslednjih 30 godina. Uzrok tome je, verovatno, kombinacija različitih faktora, kao što su ekspanzija i intenzivnije gajenje paprike, povećan obim međunarodne trgovine biljnog materijala čime je povećan rizik unošenja virusa i njihovih vektora u nove regione sveta i lokalitete, kao i klimatske promene koje odgovaraju širenju virusa i njihovih vektora. Do sada je utvrđeno da 68 virusa može da zarazi papriku. Većina virusa paprike je raširena celim svetom, ali ima i izuzetaka, koji su prisutni samo u određenim delovima sveta. Virusi paprike izazivaju ispoljavanje različitih tipova simptoma, a najčešći su mozaik, šarenilo i deformacija lišća koji imaju za posledicu smanjenje porasta biljaka i prinosa. Više od polovine virusa paprike se prenosi biljnim vašima, a drugi česti virusi se prenose leptirastim vašima, tripsima ili mehanički. U Srbiji je utvrđeno prisustvo pet virusa: virus mozaika krastavca (Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV), virus crtičastog mozaika krompira (Potato virus Y, PVY), virus bronzavosti paradajza (Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus, TSWV), virus mozaika lucerke (Alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV) i virus mozaika duvana (Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV), s tim što su prevalentni CMV i PVY. Neki od tih virusa prouzrokuju značajne gubitke u prinosu. Za svaki ekonomski važan virus u Srbiji navedene su mere kontrole. Ključne reči: virusi paprike, virus crtičastog mozaika krompira, virus mozaika krastavca, virus bronzavosti paradajza, virus mozaika lucerke, virus mozaika duvana BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

17 Abstract ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT VIRUS DISEASE OF PEPPER IN SERBIA Branka Krstić 1, Ivana Stanković 1, Dragana Milošević 2, Ana Vučurović 1, Katarina Zečević 1 1 University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade 2 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad homemadeent@gmail.com The number of virus species infecting pepper crops and their incidences has increased considerably over the past 30 years. This is probably due to a combination of factors, including the expansion and intensification of pepper cultivation, the increased global trade of plant material carrying viruses and vectors to new locations, and climate change expanding the geographic range suitable for the viruses and vectors. About 68 viruses are known to infect peppers worldwide. Most pepper viruses are distributed worldwide with the exception of viruses that have been reported only in certain geographic areas. Virus-infected peppers generally cxhibit a variety of symptoms, the most common of which are mosaic, mottle, necrosis and leaf distortion with consequent reductions in crop growth and yield. More than half of known pepper viruses are transmitted by aphids, and the other common pepper viruses are transmitted by whiteflies, thrips, or by contact and/or through the soil. In Serbia, the presence of five viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), with the prevalence of CMV and PVY. Some of these viruses cause considerable yield losses. For each economically important virus in Serbia, control measures are reported here. Key words: pepper viruses, Potato virus Y, Cucumber mosaic virus, Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

18 VIRUSI PARADAJZA SA POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA,,EMERGING" VIRUSE Ivana Stanković, Dušan Nikolić, Ana Vučurović, Katarina Zečević, Branka Krstić Univerzitet u Beogradu-Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd ivana.stankovic@agrif.bg.ac.rs Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Izvod Paradajz je domaćin oko 146 virusa, međutim samo nekoliko njih izaziva značajne ekonomske štete u kontinuitetu uključujući virus mozaika krastavca (Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV), Y virus krompira (Potato virus Y, PVY), virus bronzavosti paradajza (Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus, TSWV), virus mozaika lucerke (Alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV), virus mozaika duvana (Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) i virus mozaika paradajza (Tomato mosaic virus, ToMV). Međutim, poslednjih godina značajne štete u proizvodnji paradajza u mnogim evropskih zemljama prouzrokuju,,emerging" virusi, koji se smatraju ekstremno opasnim i čija se pojava očekuje i kod nas: virus mozaika pepina (Pepino mosaic virus, PepMV) i grupa virusa koji se prenose leptirastim vašima, uključujući virus žute uvijenosti lista paradajza (Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV), virus hloroze paradajza (Tomato chlorosis virus, ToCV), virus infektivne hloroze paradajza (Tomato infectious chlorosis virus, TICV) i torado virus paradajza (Tomato torrado virus, ToTV). Ukoliko eradikacija ovih virusa ne uspe ili nije moguća, potrebno je sprovesti druge mere za prevenciju i kontrolu oboljenja koje ovi virusi izazivaju, a koje su prodiskutovane u ovom radu. Ključne reči:,,emerging" virusi, virus žute uvijenosti lista paradajza, virus mozaika pepina, virus hloroze paradajza, virus infektivne hloroze paradajza, torado virus paradajza BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

19 Abstract VIRUSES OF TOMATO WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON EMERGING VIRUSES Ivana Stanković, Dušan Nikolić, Ana Vučurović, Katarina Zečević, Branka Krstić University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade So far, tomato is a natural host for about 146 plant viruses, but several of them have caused a considerable economic damage constantly, such as aphid-borne viruses, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), the thrips-transmitted Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) and mechanically- and seed- transmitted Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). However, in recent years emerging viruses including Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) as well as whitefly-transmited viruses: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) have appeared in tomato crops posing a serious threat to its production in many European countries. These viruses with a rapidly increasing incidence are considered extremely dangerous and their occurrence can be expected in our country. If the eradication of these viruses has failed or if this is not possible, other strategies are needed. In this article, specific measures for the prevention and control of these viruses are discussed. Key words: emerging viruses, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Pepino mosaic virus, Tomatochlorosis virus, Tomato infectious chlorosis virus, Tomatotorrado virus BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

20 PRISUSTVO I RASPROSTRANJENOST VIRUSA PAPRIKE U SRBIJI Dragana Milošević 1, Ivana Stanković 2, Maja Ignjatov 1, Zorica Nikolić 1, Branka Krstić 2 1 Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad 2 Univerzitet u Beogradu-Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd dragana.milosevic@nsseme.com Izvod Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Dvogodišnjim proučavanjima ( ) prisustva i rasprostranjenosti virusa u usevu paprike u Srbiji utvrđeno je da se virusi javljaju svake godine u proizvodnji paprike na otvorenom polju. Serološkim analizama sakupljenih uzoraka paprike primenom DAS-ELISA testa dokazano je prisustvo četiri virusa: Potato virus Y (PVY), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) i Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), i to kako u pojedinačnim tako i u mešanim infekcijama. Tokom godine najčešće detektovan virus bio je PVY (51,21%), dok je godine prevalentan virus bio CMV (50%). Pregledom useva paprike u različitim lokalitetima gajenja zabeležena je pojava niza simptoma na lišću, stablu, cvetovima i plodovima, koji su upućivali na virusnu zarazu, ali nije bilo moguće utvrditi njihovu povezanost sa detektovanim virusom. Molekularna detekcija CMV kod tri odabrana izolata obavljena je RT-PCR metodom korišćenjem specificnih prajmera CMV Au1u/Au2d, koji omogućavaju umnožavanje gena za protein omotača i dela 5' i 3' neprepisujućeg regiona subgenomne RNA 4. Amplifikovani fragmenti su sekvencirani i prijavljeni u GenBank, gde su im dodeljeni pristupni brojevi, KC (PL-25-09), KC (PL-43-09) i KC (PL-52-09). Proračunom genetičke sličnosti sekvenci izolata dobijenih u ovom radu, utvrđen je visok stepen nukleotidne sličnosti, koji se kretao od 99,2-99,5%. Ispitivane sekvence CMV izolata iz Srbije dele najveću nukleotidnu i aminokiselinsku sličnost sa izolatima iz Amerike, Australije, Španije i Srbije. Ključne reči: paprika, virusi, DAS-ELISA test, RT-PCR, sekvenciranje BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

21 Abstract PRESENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PEPPER VIRUSES IN SERBIA Dragana Milošević 1, Ivana Stanković 2, Maja Ignjatov 1, Zorica Nikolić 1, Branka Krstić 2 1 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad 2 University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade dragana.milosevic@nsseme.com A two-year investigation ( ) of the presence and distribution of pepper viruses in Serbia revealed that viruses occur each year in open-field pepper production. Serological analyses of collected pepper samples using DAS-ELISA test detected the presence of four viruses: Potato virus Y(PVY), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), which occurred in single or mixed infections. In 2009 the most frequent was PVY (51.21%), while in 2010 CMV was prevalent (50%). Survey of pepper crops in different growing regions indicated the occurrence of a number of symptoms on leaves, stem, flowers and fruit, which resembled those of virus infection, but it was not possible to determine their association with detected virus. Molecular detection of CMV was performed by RT-PCR using specific primers CMV Au1u/Au2d that flank the AMV coat protein gene, as well as part of 5' and 3' non-coding region of subgenome RNA4. Amplified fragments were sequenced, deposited in the GenBank, and assigned by accession numbers, KC (PL-25-09), KC (PL-43-09) and KC (PL-52-09). Sequence analysis, conducted with MEGA5 software, revealed 99,2-99,5% nt identity between the three Serbian CMV isolates from pepper. The sequences of CMV isolates from Serbia share the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with isolates from America, Australia, Spain and Serbia. Key words: pepper, viruses, DAS-ELISA test, RT-PCR, sequencing BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

22 KARANTINSKI PATOGENI PARADAJZA I PAPRIKE Vojislav Trkulja 1, Igor Milunović 2 1 JU Poljoprivredni institut Republike Srpske, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, BiH 2 Republička uprava za inspekcijske poslove - Inspektorat Republike Srpske, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, BiH vtrkulja@blic.net Izvod Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Uspješnom uzgoju paradajza i paprike velika prijetnja može biti pojava, unošenje ili širenje različitih karantinskih patogena zbog čega je striktna primjena međunarodno prihvaćenih fitosanitarnih mjera predostrožnosti i kontrole nezamjenljiva u sprečavanju unošenja ili širenja ovih organizama. Karantinski štetni organizmi predstavljaju jednu od glavnih opasnosti kako za svjetsku, tako i za domaću proizvodnju paradajza i paprike. U skladu sa aktuelnim zakonskim propisima, u radu je dat pregled najznačajnijih vrsta karantinskih patogena paradajza i paprike, pri čemu su za pojedine karantinske patogene navedeni puni aktuelni nazivi i sinonimi, rasprostranjenost, domaćini, simptomi, biologija i način prenošenja i širenja, uz poseban naglasak na mjere za njihovo suzbijanje. Ključne rijeci: paradajz, paprika, karantinski patogeni, zakonska regulativa, fitosanitarne mjere BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

23 Abstract QUARANTINE PATHOGENS OF TOMATO AND PEPPER Vojislav Trkulja 1, Igor Milunović 2 1 PI Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, B&H 2 Republic Administration for Inspection Activities-Republic of Srpska Inspectorate, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, B&H vtrkulja@blic.net A major threat to the successful growing of tomatoes and peppers can be the occurrence, introduction or spread of a large number of different quarantine pathogens, which is why the strict application of internationally accepted phytosanitary precautionary and control measures is irreplaceable in preventing the introduction or spread of quarantine harmful organisms. These pathogens are one of the main threats for the worldwide production of tomatoes and peppers, as well as for the domestic one. In accordance with the current legal regulations, this paper presents an overview of the most important types of quarantine pathogens of tomatoes and peppers, whereby specific full names and synonyms of quarantine pathogens, their distribution, hosts, symptoms, biology and method of transmission and distribution are given, with special emphasis on measures for their suppression. Key words: tomato, pepper, quarantine pathogens, legislation, phytosanitary measures BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

24 PATOGENI KORIJENA I PRIZEMNOG DIJELA STABLA PARADAJZA I PAPRIKE I MOGUĆNOSTI NJIHOVOG SUZBIJANJA Vojislav Trkulja JU Poljoprivredni institut Republike Srpske, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, BiH vtrkulja@blic.net Izvod Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Gajenje paradajza i paprike, uz druge agrotehničke mjere, zahtijeva i intenzivno navododnjavanje, što često ogranicava upotrebu plodoreda pri njihovoj proizvodnji. U takvim uslovima nerijetko dolazi do nakupljanja infektivnog materijala pojednih patogena u zemljištu koji prouzrokuju pojavu raznih bolesti korijena i prizemnog dijela stabla paradajza i paprike. Ukoliko se ovi patogeni ne suzbijaju oni mogu značajno umanjiti prinos i prouzrokovati ekonomske štete pri proizvodnji paradajza i paprike. Zbog toga je u radu dat pregled najznačajnijih patogena korijena i prizemnog dijela stabla paradajza i paprike, pri čemu su za pojedine patogene navedeni njihovi puni aktuelni nazivi i sinonimi, rasprostranjenost i ekonomski značaj, domaćini, simptomi i ciklus razvoja i epidemiologija, uz poseban naglasak na mjere za njihovo suzbijanje. Ključne riječi: paradajz, paprika, patogeni korijena i prizemnog dijela stabla, mjere suzbijanja BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

25 Abstract PATHOGENS OF ROOT AND CROWN OF TOMATO AND PEPPER AND POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR CONTROL Vojislav Trkulja PI Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, B&H Growing tomatoes and peppers, along with other agrotechnical measures, requires intensive irrigation, which often limits the use of crop rotation in their production. In such conditions, the infectious material of certain pathogens is often accumulated in the soil which causes various diseases of the root and crown of tomato and pepper. If these pathogens are not controlled they can greatly reduce the yield and cause economic losses in the production of tomato and pepper. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the most important pathogens of root and crown of tomatoes and peppers, with their current full names and synonyms, distibution and economic significance, hosts, symptoms, disease cycle and epidemiology, with a special emphasis on measures for their control. Key words: tomato, pepper, pathogens of root and crown, measures of control BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

26 EFEKAT ETARSKIH ULJA NA PROUZROKOVAČE TRULEŽI PLODA PARADAJZA IN VIVO Matea Karnizs, Mila Grahovac, Vera Stojšin, Ferenc Bagi, Đorde Malenčić, Dragana Budakov Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Izvod Paradajz je veoma značajna povrtarska vrsta koja se kod nas gaji kako u konvencionalnom, tako i u sistemu organske proizvodnje za domaće tržište, ali i za izvoz. Tokom proizvodnje i skladištenja paradajza može doći do gubitka prinosa usled pojave truleži ploda koju prouzrokuju Alternaria solani-prouzrkovač crne pegavosti i Botrytis cinerea- prouzrokovač sive truleži paradajza. Cilj ovog rada je da se kroz ocenu efekta etarskih ulja divljeg origana (Origanum vulgare) i lavande (Lavandula angustifolia) na navedene prouzrokovače truleži ploda paradajza utvrdi koja vrsta ulja i način primene može dati najbolje rezultate u zaštiti plodova paradajza ovim sredstvima. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u uslovima veštačkih inokulacija plodova paradajza prouzrokovačima truleži A. solani i B. cinerea, dok je efekat ulja ispitivan kroz dejstvo isparljive komponente i direktnom aplikacijom. Ispitivanjem isparljive komponente sve ispitane koncentracije etarskog ulja divljeg origana, pa i najniža (0,04 µl/ml vazduha), ispoljavaju fungistatičan efekat na A. solani i B. cinerea. Rezultati su pokazali da su isparljive komponente ulja divljeg origana i lavande u svim primenjenim koncentracijama imali značajan efekat u smanjenju pojave truleži u odnosu na netretiranu kontrolu. Direktnom aplikacijom na plodove, ulje divljeg origana se pokazalo kao najefikasnije u suzbijanju prouzrokovača truleži ploda paradajza. Ostvareni rezultati ukazuju da primena etarskih ulja u organskoj proizvodnji paradajza sa ciljem suzbijanja prouzrokovača truleži ploda ima perspektivu, te da je efekte ovih materija potrebno dalje ispitati sa ciljem formulacije komercijalnih preparata za ovu namenu. Ključne reči: paradajz, etarsko ulje, divlji origano, lavanda, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, organska proizvodnja BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/

27 Abstract EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON CAUSERS OF TOMATO FRUIT ROT IN VIVO Matea Karnizs, Mila Grahovac, Vera Stojšin, Ferenc Bagi, Đorde Malenčić, Dragana Budakov University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad Tomato is economically very important vegetable which is produced in Serbia for both national market as well as for export in conventional and organic farming. During production and storage of tomato, significant losses can occur due to fungi that cause fruit rot such as Alternaria solani (early blight) and Botrytis cinerea (gray mold). The aim of this research was to determine which of the applied oils: wild oregano (Origanum vulgare) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) has the best effect in control of tomato fruit rot causing agents. Tomato fruits were artificially inoculated with fruit rot causers A. solani and B. cinerea after which the effect of essential oils was tested through the influence of volatile compounds and by direct application. Testing of volatile compounds of wild oregano essential oil showed that all applied concentrations have fungistatic effect on A. solani and B. cinerea. Results showed that volatiles of wild oregano and lavender essential oils significantly reduced rot intensity at all applied concentrations when compared to the untreated control. Wild oregano essential oil was the most efficient against causers of fruit rot when directly applied on tomato fruits. Application of essential oils in organic tomato production to control causers of fruit rot has potential which should be further investigated with the aim of commercial formulation of fungicides based on these active ingredients. Key words: tomato, essential oil, wild oregano, lavender, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, organic farming BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/2017

28 BILJNE VAŠI (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ŠTETOČINE PAPRIKE I PARADAJZA Olivera Petrović-Obradović, Ivana Jovičić, Anđa Radonjić Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd-Zemun petrovic@agrif.bg.ac.rs Rad primljen: Prihvaćen za štampu: Izvod Biljne vaši (Hemiptera: Aphididae) mogu predstavljati problem u proizvodnji paprike i paradajza na otvorenom polju i u zaštićenom prostoru. Direktne štete nanose ishranom, a indirektne prenošenjem biljnih virusa, što se negativno odražava na prinos i kvalitet ovog povrća. Na paprici i paradajzu se javlja više vrsta biljnih vaši: Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae i Myzus persicae. Reč je o izuzetno polifagnim vašima. U radu su navedeni osnovni morfološki podaci za svaku vrstu, biljke domaćini, biologija razvića, vektorska uloga i rasprostranjenje. Ključne reči: biljne vaši, Hemiptera, Aphididae, paprika, paradajz, vektori BILJNI LEKAR / PLANT DOCTOR, 45, 6/